If you’re looking for a NetNut alternative in 2026, simply finding another residential proxy provider may not be enough.

The disruption of the NetNut residential proxy network in July 2026 highlighted an important issue for proxy users: 

where your proxy IPs come from and how the network behind them is operated can matter just as much as price, IP count, or performance.

For businesses that rely on proxies for web scraping, SEO monitoring, market research, ad verification, automation, and other data collection workflows, changing providers can also be costly. Migrating endpoints, testing new IP pools, adjusting configurations, and monitoring performance all take time.

So if you’re moving away from NetNut, the goal shouldn’t simply be to find a replacement.

reliable proxy provider you can continue to rely on over the long term.

This guide explains what happened with NetNut, what to consider when evaluating alternatives, and why network sourcing, transparency, reliability, and technical capabilities should all factor into your decision.

On July 2, 2026, Google Threat Intelligence Group announced that it had taken action against the NetNut residential proxy network in coordination with the FBI, Lumen, and other partners.

According to Google, the action significantly degraded the network and reduced its available pool of devices by millions. Google estimated that the NetNut network included at least 2 million devices distributed around the world.

Google also said that NetNut's residential proxy infrastructure was associated with the Popa botnet and that the network used software distributed to consumer devices, including smart TVs and streaming devices. Google reported that the devices could become residential exit nodes without their owners necessarily knowing that their connections were being used in this way.

Google's announcement also highlighted another issue for proxy buyers: the reseller and white-label nature of parts of the residential proxy industry.

According to Google, NetNut operated a reseller program and many residential proxy brands were believed to be using NetNut's network. Google warned that disruption to one network could therefore have a wider impact across the residential proxy ecosystem.

The incident followed Google's January 2026 disruption of the IPIDEA residential proxy network.

Why does this matter if you just use proxies?

You may not have known which underlying network was providing your IPs.

A proxy provider's brand, dashboard, pricing, and advertised IP pool don't necessarily tell you everything about the infrastructure behind the service.

If a provider depends heavily on another network or reseller, a disruption affecting that underlying network could potentially affect customers further downstream.

For businesses running important data collection infrastructure, that creates an additional question when choosing a proxy provider:

A good NetNut alternative shouldn't just offer a similar number of IPs.

Before switching providers, evaluate the network from several angles.

This should be one of the first questions you ask a proxy provider.

Residential proxies can be sourced in different ways, and the distinction matters.

A provider should be able to explain, at an appropriate level, how its residential IP network is built and how devices or users participate in the network.

You should also look for clear information about how the provider handles consent, network participation, and responsible use.

The NetNut disruption demonstrated why this matters. Google alleged that NetNut's network included consumer devices that had been enrolled as proxy nodes through software, creating risks for the device owners and the broader internet ecosystem.

You don't necessarily need every technical detail.

But you should be comfortable with the answers.

A proxy provider may operate its own network, use third-party infrastructure, resell another provider's capacity, or combine several sources.

None of these models automatically makes a provider good or bad.

However, they create different dependencies.

If you are switching providers because you want greater long-term reliability, understanding those dependencies becomes important.

This is particularly important when evaluating providers that advertise very large residential IP pools.

A huge IP number isn't necessarily an indicator of a more resilient network.

3. Evaluate network reliability, not just IP count

Proxy providers often compete on the size of their IP pools.

For many workloads, what matters more is whether the network consistently delivers usable connections.

A smaller network that consistently works for your use case can be more valuable than a larger network that produces unpredictable results.

You should also test the provider yourself before moving your entire workload.

4. Make sure the provider supports the way you work

The best alternative depends on what you're doing with your proxies.

For example, a web scraping operation may need:

An account-management workflow may instead need:

Don't choose a provider based solely on its headline IP count.

Make sure its technical setup matches your actual workload.

Different applications need different types of proxy sessions.

Rotating proxies can provide a new IP for different requests, while sticky sessions allow you to maintain the same IP for a period of time.

The right option depends on your application.

For example, Proxyrack supports both rotating and sticky residential proxy connections, along with country, city, and ISP targeting.

Proxyrack's residential services also support HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS, and UDP connections, giving developers flexibility when integrating proxies into different applications.

6. Consider how much control you need over your connections

Another useful feature when evaluating a provider is the ability to control the characteristics of the IPs you receive.

For example, some applications benefit from selecting proxies that have been online for a particular period of time.

Proxyrack allows users to target residential IPs based on proxy uptime, including connections that have been online for a specified number of seconds, minutes, hours, or days.

This type of control can be useful when IP stability matters more than simply getting a random address.

Moving from one proxy provider to another can also change how you pay for your infrastructure.

Residential proxy providers may charge based on:

There isn't one universally better model.

The right model depends on your workload.

For example, Proxyrack offers several residential options with different pricing structures. Premium Residential is priced per GB, while Unlimited Residential is priced by threads, and Private Residential is priced by ports.

Before switching, calculate your expected usage rather than comparing headline prices.

A cheaper price per GB isn't necessarily cheaper if your workload is better suited to a thread- or port-based model.

8. Test before migrating your entire operation

One of the biggest mistakes you can make when switching proxy providers is moving everything at once.

A simple migration process could look like this:

Select a sample of the websites, locations, and tasks that matter most to your business.

Step 2: Run the same workload through the new provider

Step 3: Compare against your existing setup

Don't rely solely on the provider's advertised performance.

Step 4: Move a small percentage of production traffic

Proxyrack

Company

NetNut Alternatives in 2026

How to Choose a Reliable Proxy Provider

NetNut Alternatives in 2026: How to Choose a Reliable Proxy Provider

 you've probably noticed that the two are often described as interchangeable. Both can hide your IP address and make your internet traffic appear to come from somewhere else.

The biggest difference is how they handle your traffic. A proxy typically routes traffic for a specific application through another server, while a VPN creates an encrypted connection and can route traffic from your entire device through a VPN server.

It depends on what you're trying to accomplish. A VPN is generally better for 

privacy, security, and protecting your entire device

web scraping, automation, managing multiple connections, geo-targeting, and high-volume data collection

In this guide, we'll explain the difference between a proxy and a VPN, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and look at which option makes the most sense for different use cases.

 acts as an intermediary between your application and the internet.

Instead of your browser or application connecting directly to a website, the request is sent to the proxy first. The proxy then sends the request to the destination website and returns the response to you.

The website sees the proxy's IP address rather than your original IP address.

Proxies are commonly used to change the apparent IP address of a connection, access location-specific content, distribute requests across multiple IP addresses, and automate web-based tasks.

Unlike a VPN, however, a traditional proxy does not automatically encrypt all traffic from your device. The exact behavior depends on the proxy protocol and how the application is configured.

There are several types of proxy servers, and they are designed for different purposes.

 are commonly used for web traffic and applications that support HTTP or HTTPS proxy connections.

 operate at a lower level and can handle a wider range of application traffic than HTTP proxies.

 route traffic through IP addresses associated with residential internet connections. They can be useful when websites distinguish between data center traffic and traffic that looks more like a normal internet user.

 use IP addresses hosted in data centers. They are often chosen when speed, scalability, and cost are more important than appearing like a residential connection.

 automatically change the IP address used for requests. This is particularly useful for large-scale web scraping and other applications that need to distribute requests across multiple IPs.

 keep the same IP address for a specified period before rotating, which can be useful when an application needs a consistent session.

For example, Proxyrack supports HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS and UDP connections, as well as rotating and sticky IP sessions depending on the proxy product.

A proxy should not automatically be thought of as a security layer.

A proxy can hide your IP address from the destination website, but a basic proxy does not provide the same device-wide encrypted tunnel as a VPN.

This distinction becomes particularly important when you're deciding between a 

If your main goal is protecting all of your device's internet traffic, a VPN is generally the more appropriate solution.

If your goal is controlling how a particular application connects to the internet, a proxy can provide much more granular control.

, or Virtual Private Network, creates an encrypted connection between your device and a VPN server.

Instead of sending traffic directly to the internet, your device sends it through the VPN connection:

You → Encrypted VPN tunnel → VPN server → Website

The website sees the VPN server's IP address rather than your original IP address.

One of the biggest differences between a VPN and a proxy is the level at which they operate.

, allowing traffic from multiple applications to travel through the VPN connection. A proxy, on the other hand, is commonly configured for a specific application or service.

VPNs are therefore particularly useful when you want to:

VPNs are primarily aimed at consumers and businesses looking for a convenient way to improve online privacy and security.

For example, someone using a laptop on public Wi-Fi may use a VPN to encrypt their connection and reduce the risk of traffic being intercepted over an untrusted network.

A VPN can also be useful when someone wants their entire device to appear as though it is connecting to the internet from another location.

However, VPNs aren't designed specifically for large-scale automated data collection. They generally provide a smaller set of exit IPs and less granular IP rotation than a dedicated proxy network.

 comes down to how traffic is routed, what gets protected, and what you're trying to accomplish.

A proxy may be faster for a particular task because it does not require the same encryption overhead as a VPN and can provide direct access to a nearby or high-performance proxy server.

However, proxy performance depends heavily on the provider, proxy type, server location, network congestion, and target website.

VPN performance depends on similar factors, plus the encryption and routing used by the VPN service.

proxies can be faster for some applications

, you shouldn't choose between a proxy and VPN based on speed alone.

They have one important similarity: both can make websites see a different IP address.

The fundamental difference is how they handle your connection.

A proxy generally acts as an intermediary for the application or traffic you've configured to use it. A VPN establishes an encrypted tunnel that can route traffic from the device through the VPN server.

 "Send this application's traffic through this server."

 "Send my device's traffic through this encrypted connection."

 can be confusing. A VPN server technically performs a proxy-like role in that it acts as an intermediary between you and the internet, but a VPN provides additional functionality that a typical proxy does not.

The right option depends on what you're trying to do.

A proxy is generally the better choice when you need:

For example, a data collection company might need to send thousands of requests to websites while distributing those requests across different IP addresses. A proxy network is designed for this type of workflow.

Proxyrack's proxy network supports residential, datacenter, and mobile IPs, with options for geographic targeting and rotating or sticky connections.

A VPN is generally the better option when you need:

For most consumers who simply want to protect their internet connection, a VPN is easier to set up and manage than configuring individual applications to use proxies.

One of the most important comparisons for businesses is 

Both can change the IP address that a website sees, but their IP infrastructure and intended use cases are very different.

A typical VPN service may route many customers through a relatively limited pool of VPN server IPs. Those IPs can become recognizable as VPN or hosting infrastructure.

Residential proxies, by contrast, use IP addresses associated with residential internet connections. This can make them appear more like traffic coming from ordinary internet users.

That doesn't mean residential proxies are impossible to detect. Websites can use IP reputation, traffic analysis, browser fingerprinting, geolocation checks, and other signals to identify proxy traffic.

The main advantage of residential proxies is therefore not that they are "undetectable," but that they can provide 

more natural-looking IP infrastructure, greater IP diversity, and more control over where requests originate

For example, if you need to collect pricing data from an e-commerce website from several countries, a residential proxy network can let you send requests through IPs associated with the locations you're researching.

Proxyrack's residential proxy network supports country, city, and ISP targeting, as well as rotating and sticky sessions.

Need residential IPs for data collection or automation?

 depends heavily on what you want to accomplish.

Proxies are generally better suited to web scraping.

VPN vs Proxy: What's the Difference and Which Should You Use?

A beginner-friendly guide. No programming knowledge needed - just follow each step.

Instagram blocks normal HTTP requests, so we use a real browser controlled through Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP). The browser opens, loads the page, waits for it to render, and grabs the HTML. After that first fetch, everything runs offline against the saved file.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3.12 python3.12-venv


Open a terminal (Command Prompt on Windows, Terminal on Mac/Linux) and type:

 installed. Either works - the program controls it through a debugging port.

 If you install Brave via the terminal, note where it ends up. The default is usually 

. If it's somewhere else, you'll update one line of code later.

 is a fast tool that installs Python libraries. We use it instead of 

powershell -c "irm <https://astral.sh/uv/install.ps1> | iex"


curl -LsSf <https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh> | sh


Step 4: Create the Project Folder and Files

Open your terminal and run these commands 

# Create the main folder
mkdir instagram-scraper
cd instagram-scraper

# Create subfolders
mkdir browser
mkdir models
mkdir data


[project]
name = "instagram-com"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "Instagram profile and post scraper using Brave CDP browser"
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.12"
dependencies = [
    "beautifulsoup4>=4.15.0",
    "httpx>=0.28.1",
    "lxml>=6.1.1",
    "psutil>=7.0.0",
    "pydantic>=2.13.4",
    "websocket-client>=1.9.0",
]

[tool.ruff.lint]
fixable = ["ALL"]
select = ["I", "B", "E"]

[tool.pyright]
typeCheckingMode = "strict"
venvPath = "."
venv = ".venv"


from pathlib import Path

# Paths
HOME = Path.home()
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).parent

# Browser location - CHANGE THIS if your browser is elsewhere
DEBUG_BROWSER_PATH = "/usr/bin/brave-browser"

# Profile folder (cookies and settings are saved here automatically)
USER_PROFILE_DIR = BASE_DIR / "browser" / "browser_profile"

# Browser window size
WIN_W = 720
WIN_H = 760

# Instagram
INSTAGRAM_HOME = "<https://www.instagram.com/>"
SAMPLE_HTML_PATH = BASE_DIR / "sample.html"


Change the browser path to something like:

DEBUG_BROWSER_PATH = "C:\\Program Files\\BraveSoftware\\Brave-Browser\\Application\\brave.exe"


DEBUG_BROWSER_PATH = "/Applications/Brave Browser.app/Contents/MacOS/Brave Browser"


from subprocess import Popen

import websocket
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

class DebuggerTab(BaseModel):
    id: str = ""
    url: str = ""
    type: str = ""
    title: str = ""
    description: str = ""
    debug_url: str = Field(alias="webSocketDebuggerUrl")
    devtools_frontend_url: str = Field(alias="devtoolsFrontendUrl")

class BrowserDebuggerInfo(BaseModel):
    tabs: list[DebuggerTab] = []
    last_updates: float = -1

class Browser:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.ws: websocket.WebSocket = websocket.WebSocket()
        self.ws_url: str = ""
        self.__msg_id: int = -1
        self.debugger_info: BrowserDebuggerInfo = BrowserDebuggerInfo()
        self.authorization_token: str = ""
        self.process: Popen[bytes] | None = None
        self.process_id: int = -1

    def connect(self) -> None:
        if not self.ws_url:
            self.ws_url = self.debugger_info.tabs[0].debug_url
        self.ws.connect(self.ws_url)

    def next_id(self) -> int:
        self.__msg_id += 1
        return self.__msg_id

    @property
    def msg_id(self):
        return self.__msg_id


from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

class BioLink(BaseModel):
    title: str = ""
    url: str = ""
    link_type: str = ""

class ProfilePost(BaseModel):
    shortcode: str
    post_url: str
    display_uri: str | None = None
    media_type: int = 1  # 1=photo, 2=video, 8=carousel
    is_video: bool = False
    is_carousel: bool = False
    carousel_media_count: int | None = None
    caption: str | None = None
    accessibility_caption: str | None = None
    owner_username: str | None = None

class InstagramProfileData(BaseModel):
    pk: str | None = None
    username: str | None = None
    full_name: str | None = None
    biography: str | None = None
    profile_pic_url: str | None = None
    is_private: bool | None = None
    is_verified: bool | None = None
    follower_count: int | None = None
    following_count: int | None = None
    bio_links: list[BioLink] = Field(default_factory=list)
    posts: list[ProfilePost] = Field(default_factory=list)


These files let the program open and control the browser

import os
import subprocess
import time

import httpx

from constants import (
    DEBUG_BROWSER_PATH,
    USER_PROFILE_DIR,
    WIN_H,
    WIN_W,
)
from models.browser import Browser, DebuggerTab

def spawn_debug_browser(debug_port: int, headless: bool = False):
    user_data_dir = USER_PROFILE_DIR
    if not user_data_dir.exists():
        os.makedirs(user_data_dir, exist_ok=True)

    cmd = [
        DEBUG_BROWSER_PATH,
        "--no-sandbox",
        f"--remote-debugging-port={debug_port}",
        "--remote-allow-origins=*",
        "--no-first-run",
        "--no-default-browser-check",
        f"--window-size={WIN_W},{WIN_H}",
        "--window-position=0,0",
        "--disable-popup-blocking",
        f"--user-data-dir={user_data_dir}",
        "--disable-component-update",
        "--metrics-recording-only",
        "--disable-gpu",
        "--disable-dev-shm-usage",
    ]
    if headless:
        cmd += ["--headless"]
    process = subprocess.Popen(
        cmd,
        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
        stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
    )

    return process.pid, process

def attach_debugger(browser: Browser, debug_port: int):
    while True:
        try:
            response = httpx.get(f"<http://127.0.0.1>:{debug_port}/json")
            response.raise_for_status()
            browser.debugger_info.tabs = [DebuggerTab(**i) for i in response.json()]
            browser.debugger_info.last_updates = time.time()
            break
        except httpx.ConnectError:
            print("Waiting for browser to be ready ...")
            time.sleep(2)


import json
import time
from typing import Any

from models.browser import Browser

def wait_for_page_load(browser: Browser, timeout: int = 30) -> None:
    start_time = time.time()
    while time.time() - start_time < timeout:
        try:
            response = json.loads(browser.ws.recv())
            if (
                "method" in response
                and response["method"] == "Page.frameStoppedLoading"
            ):
                print("Frame stopped loading")
                return
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error waiting for load: {e}")
            break
    print(f"Timeout after {timeout}s waiting for page load")

def browser_send_command(
    browser: Browser,
    method: str,
    params: dict[str, str | int | float | list[Any]] | None = None,
    wait_for_load_event: bool = False,
):
    message = {"id": browser.next_id(), "method": method, "params": params or {}}
    browser.ws.send(json.dumps(message))

    while True:
        response = json.loads(browser.ws.recv())
        if response.get("id") == browser.msg_id:
            break

    if "error" in response:
        raise ValueError(
            f"CDP command failed: {response['error']['message']} "
            f"(code {response['error']['code']})"
        )

    result = response.get("result")

    if wait_for_load_event and method == "Page.navigate":
        wait_for_page_load(browser, timeout=30)

    return result

def browser_init_domains(
    browser: Browser,
    domains: list[str] = [
        "Page.enable",
        "Runtime.enable",
        "DOM.enable",
        "Network.enable",
        "Log.enable",
    ],
):
    for domain in domains:
        browser_send_command(browser, domain, {})

def browser_open_url(
    browser: Browser,
    url: str,
    wait_for_load_event: bool = False,
) -> None:
    browser.ws_url = url
    browser_send_command(browser, "Page.enable", {})
    browser_send_command(
        browser, "Page.navigate", {"url": url},
        wait_for_load_event=wait_for_load_event,
    )

def dom_js_execute(
    browser: Browser,
    js: str,
    options: dict[str, str | bool | int] = {},
):
    result = browser_send_command(
        browser, "Runtime.evaluate", {"expression": js, **options}
    )
    return result.get("result", {})

def dom_element_html(
    browser: Browser,
    selector: str,
    *,
    outer_html: bool = False,
) -> str:
    script = f'document.querySelector("{selector}").innerHTML'
    if outer_html:
        script = f'document.querySelector("{selector}").outerHTML'
    res = dom_js_execute(browser, script)
    return res.get("value", "")


import atexit
import time

import psutil

from browser.actions import (
    browser_init_domains,
    browser_open_url,
    dom_element_html,
)
from browser.utils import attach_debugger, spawn_debug_browser
from models.browser import Browser

def debug_setup_phase(browser: Browser):
    if not browser.ws.connected:
        browser.connect()
        return

def initialize_cpd_domains(browser: Browser):
    br = browser
    browser_init_domains(br)

def get_browser_instance(debug_port: int = 9999, headless: bool = False):
    browser = Browser()
    debug_port = 9999
    browser.process_id, browser.process = spawn_debug_browser(debug_port, headless)
    attach_debugger(browser, debug_port)
    cdp_initialized = False
    while browser.process and browser.process.poll() is None:
        if not browser.ws.connected:
            debug_setup_phase(browser)
            continue

        if not cdp_initialized:
            initialize_cpd_domains(browser)
            cdp_initialized = True
            continue

        if browser.debugger_info.last_updates == -1:
            attach_debugger(browser, debug_port)
            cdp_initialized = False
            continue
        break
    atexit.register(lambda: kill_browser(browser))
    return browser

def kill_browser(browser: Browser):
    process = browser.process
    if process and process.poll() is None:
        try:
            parent = psutil.Process(process.pid)
            children = parent.children(recursive=True)
            for child in children:
                child.terminate()
            _, alive = psutil.wait_procs(children, timeout=3)
            for child in alive:
                child.kill()
            process.terminate()
            process.wait(timeout=3)
        except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
            pass
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error killing process: {e}")
            process.terminate()
            time.sleep(2)
            if process.poll() is None:
                process.kill()

def render_html(
    browser: Browser,
    visit_url: str,
    timeout_for_page_load: int = 5,
) -> str:
    browser_open_url(browser, visit_url)
    time.sleep(timeout_for_page_load)
    return dom_element_html(browser, "body", outer_html=True)


These files handle fetching and parsing Instagram data

import json

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

from models.profile import BioLink, InstagramProfileData, ProfilePost

INSTAGRAM_BASE = "<https://www.instagram.com>"

MEDIA_VIDEO = 2
MEDIA_CAROUSEL = 8

def _extract_xig_user(html: str, *, field_marker: str) -> dict | None:
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
    for script in soup.find_all("script", type="application/json"):
        txt = script.string or ""
        if "xig_user_by_username" not in txt or field_marker not in txt:
            continue
        try:
            data = json.loads(txt)
            node = (
                data["require"][0][3][0]
                ["__bbox"]["require"][0][3][1]
                ["__bbox"]["result"]["data"]
                ["xig_user_by_username"]
            )
            if field_marker in node:
                return node
        except (KeyError, IndexError, json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError):
            continue
    return None

def _parse_bio_links(raw: list) -> list[BioLink]:
    out = []
    for item in raw or []:
        out.append(BioLink(
            title=item.get("title") or "",
            url=item.get("url") or "",
            link_type=item.get("link_type") or "",
        ))
    return out

def _parse_posts(posts_user: dict) -> list[ProfilePost]:
    connection = posts_user.get("polaris_ordered_timeline_connection") or {}
    edges = connection.get("edges") or []
    out = []
    for edge in edges:
        node = edge.get("node") or {}
        code = node.get("code") or ""
        if not code:
            continue
        media_type = node.get("media_type") or 1
        caption_obj = node.get("caption") or {}
        caption_text = (
            caption_obj.get("text")
            if isinstance(caption_obj, dict) else None
        )
        owner = node.get("user") or {}
        out.append(ProfilePost(
            shortcode=code,
            post_url=f"{INSTAGRAM_BASE}/p/{code}/",
            display_uri=node.get("display_uri"),
            media_type=media_type,
            is_video=media_type == MEDIA_VIDEO,
            is_carousel=media_type == MEDIA_CAROUSEL,
            carousel_media_count=node.get("carousel_media_count"),
            caption=caption_text,
            accessibility_caption=node.get("accessibility_caption"),
            owner_username=owner.get("username"),
        ))
    return out

def parse_profile_page(html: str) -> InstagramProfileData:
    profile_user = _extract_xig_user(html, field_marker="follower_count")
    posts_user = _extract_xig_user(
        html, field_marker="polaris_ordered_timeline_connection"
    )

    if profile_user is None and posts_user is None:
        return InstagramProfileData()

    u = profile_user or {}
    posts = _parse_posts(posts_user) if posts_user else []

    return InstagramProfileData(
        pk=str(u.get("pk") or "") or None,
        username=u.get("username"),
        full_name=u.get("full_name"),
        biography=u.get("biography"),
        profile_pic_url=u.get("profile_pic_url"),
        is_private=u.get("is_private"),
        is_verified=u.get("is_verified"),
        follower_count=u.get("follower_count"),
        following_count=u.get("following_count"),
        bio_links=_parse_bio_links(u.get("bio_links") or []),
        posts=posts,
    )


from pathlib import Path

from browser.browser import get_browser_instance, kill_browser, render_html
from instagram_parse import parse_profile_page
from models.profile import InstagramProfileData

INSTAGRAM_BASE = "<https://www.instagram.com>"
RENDER_TIMEOUT = 15

class InstagramClient:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self._browser = None

    def _ensure_browser(self) -> None:
        if self._browser is None:
            print("Spawning Brave browser ...")
            self._browser = get_browser_instance(9999)

    def fetch_profile_html(self, username: str) -> str:
        url = f"{INSTAGRAM_BASE}/{username}/"
        self._ensure_browser()
        assert self._browser is not None
        print(f"Fetching {url} ...")
        return render_html(self._browser, url, timeout_for_page_load=RENDER_TIMEOUT)

    def scrape_profile(
        self,
        username: str,
        *,
        html_path: Path | None = None,
    ) -> InstagramProfileData:
        if html_path and html_path.exists():
            html = html_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
        else:
            html = self.fetch_profile_html(username)
            if html_path:
                html_path.write_text(html, encoding="utf-8")
                print(f"Saved {len(html)} bytes to {html_path}")

        return parse_profile_page(html)

    def close(self) -> None:
        if self._browser:
            kill_browser(self._browser)
            self._browser = None

    def __enter__(self) -> "InstagramClient":
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> None:
        self.close()


import argparse

from api import InstagramClient
from constants import SAMPLE_HTML_PATH

DEFAULT_USERNAME = "cristiano"

def print_separator(char: str = "=", length: int = 50) -> None:
    print(char * length)

def main() -> None:
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Instagram profile scraper")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--username",
        default=DEFAULT_USERNAME,
        help=f"Instagram username to scrape (default: {DEFAULT_USERNAME})",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--fetch",
        action="store_true",
        help="Force a live browser fetch even if sample.html exists",
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()

    html_path = SAMPLE_HTML_PATH

    if args.fetch and html_path.exists():
        print(f"Removing cached {html_path} for fresh fetch ...")
        html_path.unlink()

    if html_path.exists():
        print(f"Using cached {html_path} ({html_path.stat().st_size} bytes)")
    else:
        print("sample.html not found - will fetch from browser.")

    with InstagramClient() as client:
        data = client.scrape_profile(args.username, html_path=html_path)

    print_separator()
    print("PROFILE")
    print_separator()
    print(f"  username    : {data.username}")
    print(f"  full name   : {data.full_name}")
    print(f"  bio         : {data.biography}")
    print(f"  private     : {data.is_private}")
    print(f"  verified    : {data.is_verified}")
    print(f"  followers   : {data.follower_count}")
    print(f"  following   : {data.following_count}")
    print(f"  profile pic : {(data.profile_pic_url or '')[:70]}...")
    if data.bio_links:
        print("  bio links   :")
        for lnk in data.bio_links:
            print(f"    [{lnk.title}] {lnk.url}")

    print()
    print_separator()
    print(f"POSTS ({len(data.posts)})")
    print_separator()
    for i, post in enumerate(data.posts, 1):
        kind = "carousel" if post.is_carousel else (
            "video" if post.is_video else "photo"
        )
        print(f"\n  {i}. [{kind}] {post.post_url}")
        if post.caption:
            print(f"     caption  : {post.caption[:80]}")
        if post.accessibility_caption:
            print(f"     alt text : {post.accessibility_caption}")
        if post.carousel_media_count:
            print(f"     slides   : {post.carousel_media_count}")

    print()
    print_separator()
    print("Done.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()


from constants import SAMPLE_HTML_PATH
from browser.browser import get_browser_instance, kill_browser, render_html

PROFILE_URL = "<https://www.instagram.com/cristiano/>"
RENDER_TIMEOUT = 15

def main():
    if SAMPLE_HTML_PATH.exists():
        size = SAMPLE_HTML_PATH.stat().st_size
        print(f"sample.html already exists ({size} bytes). Delete it to re-fetch.")
        return

    print("Spawning Brave browser ...")
    browser = get_browser_instance(9999)

    print(f"Navigating to {PROFILE_URL} ...")
    html = render_html(browser, PROFILE_URL, timeout_for_page_load=RENDER_TIMEOUT)

    print(f"Got {len(html)} bytes of HTML")
    SAMPLE_HTML_PATH.write_text(html, encoding="utf-8")
    print(f"Saved to {SAMPLE_HTML_PATH}")

    kill_browser(browser)
    print("Browser closed.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()


How to scrape Instagram (profile & posts) step-by-step Guide

Scrape Instagram Profiles

Businesses rely on web scraping to monitor competitors, track prices, generate leads, conduct market research, and collect public data at scale. While developers often build custom scraping scripts, many teams prefer no-code solutions that make data extraction accessible to anyone.

One of the most popular tools in this category is 

Whether you're gathering eCommerce prices, collecting contact information, or monitoring marketplaces, Octoparse lets you scrape websites without writing code. However, scraping at scale requires more than selecting data fields—you also need the right proxy infrastructure to avoid 

, IP blocks, and rate limits. If you're unfamiliar with CAPTCHA systems, check out our guide on 

Octoparse is a no-code web scraping platform that allows users to extract structured data from websites using a visual interface instead of programming.

Instead of writing Python or JavaScript, users simply click on the information they want to collect, and Octoparse automatically builds a scraping workflow.

Its cloud-based scraping option also lets users run jobs continuously without leaving their own computer online.

Many websites detect repeated requests from the same IP address. Once they identify unusual traffic patterns, they may:

Using rotating proxies distributes requests across multiple IP addresses, making your scraping activity appear more like normal user traffic.

For large scraping projects, proxies are essential for maintaining reliability and reducing interruptions.

 are particularly effective because requests originate from real residential IP addresses, making them more difficult to detect than traditional datacenter IPs.

Not every project requires the same type of proxy.

If you're scraping websites with sophisticated anti-bot systems, rotating residential proxies generally provide the highest success rates.

For simpler websites where speed matters most, datacenter proxies can be a cost-effective alternative.

Setting up proxies in Octoparse is straightforward.

If you're using rotating proxies, each request can automatically use a different IP address, helping reduce the likelihood of detection.

Both Octoparse and ParseHub are popular no-code scraping tools, but they have different strengths.

If your priority is ease of use, Octoparse is often the better choice. ParseHub may appeal to users who need greater customization for complex scraping workflows.

 are developer-focused browser automation frameworks.

If you don't have programming experience, Octoparse is usually the fastest way to build scraping workflows.

Developers, however, often prefer Playwright or Puppeteer for projects requiring complete control over browser behavior. If you're deciding between the two, read our in-depth comparison 

Browser Tools That Work Well with Octoparse

For projects involving account management or browser fingerprinting, dedicated browser tools can complement your scraping workflow.

These browsers help isolate browsing sessions and reduce fingerprint-based detection when managing multiple accounts.

Octoparse is also one of today's most accessible 

Once collected, this data can be analyzed using spreadsheets, databases, or business intelligence platforms.

Usually caused by sending too many requests from the same IP address.

To better understand why websites present CAPTCHA challenges and how they detect automated traffic, read 